Buses

  • A bus is a high-speed connection for communication.
  • Connects CPU, RAM, and other components.
  • Located on the motherboard.

Common Bus Types

  • PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
    • Used for internal devices (network, video, storage cards).
  • USB (Universal Serial Bus)
  • Used for external devices (keyboard, mouse, printer, storage).

Desktop / Server Systems

  • CPU and RAM attached directly to motherboard.
  • Expansion cards connect via PCI slots.
  • Devices can be upgraded or replaced.

Laptop / Small Form Factor Systems

  • Most components are built into the motherboard.
  • Bus still exists but upgrades are limited.

Peripheral Devices

  • Devices for input, output, or storage.
  • Examples: keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, hard disk.

View PCI Devices

  • Command: lspci
  • Shows video, storage, and network controllers.

USB(Universel Serial Bus) Devices

  • External peripherals use USB bus.
  • Hot-plug supported (no shutdown required).
  • Always unmount storage before removal. View USB Devices : lsusb ; Lists all connected USB devices.

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